Speed has always captivated the imagination in the world of aviation. The quest for faster, more agile aircraft has driven technological advancements and led to some of the most incredible feats of engineering. This article explores the top 20 fastest jet aircraft in the world, providing insights into their designs, capabilities, and historical significance. Whether you are an aviation enthusiast, a military buff, or simply curious about the extremes of human innovation, this article offers a comprehensive look at these marvels of speed and technology.
In this article:
How fast do fighter jets fly?
The F-15 Eagle, the fastest modern fighter jet, flies at a top speeds of Mach 2.5, approximately 1,650 mph, under optimal conditions. The range of top speeds for the most common fighter jets used today are between Mach 1.8 and Mach 2.35 (1,190-1,650 mph).
Modern fighter jets, while not always as fast as their experimental predecessors, incorporate advanced technologies that allow for exceptional performance, ranking them among the world's top 10 fastest jets. Comparing historical speedsters with today's fighters highlights the evolution of aircraft design and capabilities.
What are the fastest fighter jets in the world today?
Top Speeds of the Fastest US Military Fighter Jets
- F-15 Eagle: The top speed is Mach 2.5 (approximately 1,650 mph or 2,655 km/h).
- F-22 Raptor: The top speed is Mach 2.25 (approximately 1,500 mph or 2,414 km/h).
- F-16 Fighting Falcon: The top speed is Mach 2.0 (approximately 1,500 mph or 2,414 km/h).
- F/A-18 Hornet: The top speed is Mach 1.8 (approximately 1,190 mph or 1,915 km/h).
- F-35 Lightning II: The top speed is Mach 1.6 (approximately 1,200 mph or 1,931 km/h).
Russian Military Fighter Jets Top Speeds
- Su-27 Flanker: The top speed is Mach 2.35 (approximately 1,550 mph or 2,500 km/h).
- MiG-29 Fulcrum: The top speed is Mach 2.25 (approximately 1,500 mph or 2,414 km/h).
- Su-57 Felon: The top speed is around Mach 2.0+ (estimated around 1,320 mph or 2,120 km/h).
Fastest Chinese Military Fighter Jets
- Shenyang J-11: The top speed is Mach 2.35 (approximately 1,550 mph or 2,500 km/h).
- Chengdu J-20: The top speed is around Mach 2.0+ (estimated around 1,533 mph or 2,467 km/h).
- Chengdu J-10: The top speed is Mach 1.8 (approximately 1,380 mph or 2,220 km/h).
Top Speeds of other fighter jets used by the militaries around the world
- Eurofighter Typhoon: The top speed is Mach 2.0 (approximately 1,320 mph or 2,120 km/h).
- Saab JAS 39 Gripen: The top speed is Mach 2.0 (approximately 1,320 mph or 2,120 km/h)
- Dassault Rafale: The top speed is Mach 1.8 (approximately 1,190 mph or 1,915 km/h).
- KAI T-50/FA-50: The top speed is Mach 1.5 (approximately 990 mph or 1,600 km/h
Speed Records of Decommissioned Fighter Jets
- SR-71 Blackbird (although technically a reconnaissance aircraft): Holds the record for the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft at over Mach 3.2.
- MiG-31: Known for reaching speeds around Mach 2.83.
What is the fastest jet in the world?
Which planes are the fastest jets ever built? The X-43, the X-15 and the SR-71 Blackbird are the fastest aircraft ever built depending on what you mean. :)
The Fastest Plane in the World (Unmanned & Experimental)
The Fastest Airplane in the World (Manned)
The X-15 reached a top speed of Mach 6.72 (5156 mph), setting records that still stand today, and remains the manned fastest manned jet in the world. Meet the famous pilots who flew the X-15 and other aviation firsts.
The Fastest Airplane in the World (Manned, Production)
The SR-71 Blackbird, for example, holds the official airspeed record for a production manned jet-powered aircraft, with a top speed of Mach 3.3 (2532 mph).
Top 20 Fastest Military Jet Aircraft in the World Ever
Defining the Criteria for the Fastest Jets
We determining the fastest jets based on maximum speed in optimal conditions, but other factors such as altitude performance and mission profiles are equally important in measuring military value.
Understanding Jet Mach Speeds
Mach speed is a dimensionless unit representing the ratio of an aircraft's speed to the speed of sound, often used to measure the highest speed capabilities of the world's fastest planes. For example, Mach 1 is the speed of sound, approximately 767 mph at sea level, which is a benchmark for measuring the highest speed of aircraft. As aircraft approach and exceed this speed, they enter the realm of supersonic and hypersonic flight.
NASA X-43 - The Fastest Plane in the World (Unmanned)
The Pinnacle of Speed
The NASA X-43 holds the title for the fastest aircraft ever built, reaching a mind-blowing Mach 9.6 (7,366 mph). This experimental aircraft was part of NASA's Hyper-X program, designed to explore the potential of air-breathing scramjet engines.
Scramjet Technology
Scramjet, short for Supersonic Combustion Ramjet, enables the X-43 to achieve speeds previously thought impossible. Unlike traditional jet engines, scramjets have no moving parts and rely on the aircraft’s high speed to compress incoming air.
Mission and Achievements
The X-43's missions were short, with the aircraft being launched from a B-52 bomber before accelerating to its record-breaking speeds. These flights demonstrated the viability of scramjet technology, paving the way for future hypersonic travel.
Additional Information
The X-43's development marked a significant milestone in hypersonic flight. It showcased the potential for future aerospace applications, including potential space launch systems and faster-than-ever commercial travel. Despite the challenges, the success of the X-43 program has inspired continued research and development in the field of hypersonics, aiming to achieve multiple times the speed of sound.
North American X-15 - The Fastest AirPlane in the World (Unmanned)
Rocket-Powered Marvel
The North American X-15, an experimental research aircraft from the 1960s, achieved speeds of up to Mach 6.72 (4,520 mph), setting world records. It was powered by a rocket engine, which allowed it to reach the edge of space and set altitude records.
High-Altitude Flights
The X-15 flew at altitudes over 350,000 feet, entering the boundary between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space. This unique capability made it a valuable research tool for NASA.
Legacy and Contributions
The X-15 program provided vital data on aerodynamics, heating, and control at high speeds, contributing significantly to the development of future spacecraft.
Additional Information
The X-15's flights also contributed to our understanding of human physiology in space, helping pave the way for manned space missions. Pilots who flew the X-15, like John Glenn, earned astronaut wings, and their experiences provided invaluable insights for the Apollo missions and beyond, marking the X-15 as one of the top 10 fastest aircraft ever flown.
Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird - Fastest Plane in History (non-experimental)
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The Legendary Blackbird
The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, one of the most famous aircraft in the world, held the official airspeed record for a manned jet-powered aircraft, reaching Mach 3.3 (2,193 mph).
Stealth and Speed
Designed for reconnaissance, the SR-71 combined stealth technology with extreme speed. Its titanium construction allowed it to withstand the intense heat generated at high velocities.
Operational History
Used by the US Air Force and NASA, the Blackbird was capable of outpacing threats and gathering critical intelligence during the Cold War. Its legacy continues to influence modern aircraft design.
Additional Information
The SR-71's unique design features, such as its chines (sharp, angular surfaces), contributed to its stealth capabilities. Its ability to operate at high altitudes and speeds made it nearly invulnerable to enemy defenses. The SR-71 was a vital asset in gathering intelligence, providing critical data that shaped US military and strategic decisions during its operational period, making it one of the air force's highest speed spy planes.
Lockheed YF-12
Predecessor to the SR-71
The Lockheed YF-12 was a prototype interceptor developed from the A-12 and SR-71 programs. It reached speeds of Mach 3.2 (2,275 mph) and set several speed and altitude records.
Interceptor Capabilities
The YF-12 was equipped with advanced radar and missile systems, designed to intercept and destroy incoming threats at high altitudes and speeds, making it one of the air force's most effective interceptor aircraft.
Impact on Aviation
Although it never entered full production, the YF-12's technology and design influenced the development of the SR-71 and other high-speed aircraft.
Additional Information
The YF-12's test flights provided valuable data on the performance of high-speed interceptors. It demonstrated the feasibility of intercepting high-altitude bombers and cruise missiles, influencing the design and development of future air defense systems.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 Foxbat
By Leonid Faerberg (transport-photo.com) - http://www.airliners.net/photo/Russia---Air/Mikoyan-Gurevich-MiG-25.../0412379/L/, GFDL 1.2, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5493431
Soviet Speedster
The MiG-25 Foxbat was the Soviet Union's answer to the high-speed reconnaissance and interceptor roles, reaching speeds of Mach 3.2 (2,190 mph).
Design and Performance
Constructed from nickel-steel alloy to withstand high temperatures, the MiG-25 was designed for high-altitude interception and reconnaissance missions.
Operational Use
Despite its age, the MiG-25 remains in limited use today, showcasing the enduring legacy of its high-speed capabilities.
Additional Information
The MiG-25's design was a response to the perceived threat of high-speed bombers like the XB-70 Valkyrie. Its powerful radar and missile systems made it a formidable interceptor aircraft, and its speed allowed it to escape from most potential threats. The MiG-25's development spurred advancements in Western aircraft design, contributing to the development of aircraft like the F-15 Eagle. It is also one of the biggest planes in the world.
Bell X-2 Starbuster
Pioneering High-Speed Flight
The Bell X-2 Starbuster, an experimental aircraft, achieved speeds of Mach 3.196 (2,094 mph). It was designed to explore the problems of aerodynamic heating at high speeds.
Research Objectives
The X-2 focused on stability and control at speeds between Mach 2 and Mach 3, providing valuable data for future high-speed aircraft.
Achievements and Legacy
The insights gained from the X-2 program contributed to the development of subsequent high-speed aircraft and the understanding of supersonic flight dynamics.
Additional Information
The X-2's flights provided crucial data on the behavior of aircraft at high speeds and altitudes, including the effects of shock waves and boundary layer control. These findings were instrumental in the design of later supersonic and hypersonic aircraft, influencing both military and commercial aviation.
North American XB-70 Valkyrie
Strategic Bomber Extraordinaire
The North American XB-70 Valkyrie was a strategic bomber designed to fly at Mach 3.1 (2,056 mph). Its delta wing design and six powerful engines made it a marvel of its time.
Design Innovations
The XB-70's unique design allowed it to ride its own shockwave, reducing drag and increasing efficiency at high speeds.
Operational Challenges
Although it never entered full production due to the development of more advanced missile technology, the XB-70 remains a symbol of Cold War-era innovation.
Additional Information
The XB-70's development highlighted the challenges of balancing speed, range, and payload in a strategic bomber. Its innovative design features, such as variable-geometry wingtips, influenced future aircraft designs. The lessons learned from the XB-70 program also contributed to advancements in aerodynamics and materials science.
Mikoyan MiG-31 Foxhound
By Dmitriy Pichugin - commons.wikimedia, GFDL 1.2, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=91686880
Supersonic Interceptor
The Mikoyan MiG-31 Foxhound, a successor to the MiG-25, boasts a top speed of Mach 2.83 (1,864 mph), earning it a place among the world's top 10 fastest jets. It remains one of the fastest and most capable interceptors in service.
Advanced Capabilities
The MiG-31 features advanced radar and missile systems, designed to detect and engage targets at extreme ranges and altitudes.
Current Use
Still in service with the Russian Air Force, the MiG-31 continues to play a critical role in air defense.
Additional Information
The MiG-31's ability to operate in all weather conditions and its powerful radar system make it a versatile and formidable interceptor. Its development was driven by the need to counter high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft and cruise missiles, ensuring the protection of Russian airspace.
McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle
Air Superiority Fighter
The F-15 Eagle is a twin-engine, all-weather tactical fighter known for its speed and agility. It reaches speeds of Mach 2.5 (1,650 mph).
Design and Performance
The F-15's design emphasizes maneuverability and acceleration, making it one of the most successful modern fighters.
Operational Success
Used by multiple air forces around the world, the F-15 has a perfect combat record, with over 100 aerial combat victories and no losses.
Additional Information
The F-15's combination of speed, range, and weaponry makes it a dominant force in air combat. Its advanced avionics and robust design have ensured its continued relevance, with upgraded versions like the F-15EX extending its operational life well into the future.
General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark
Versatile Tactical Fighter
The F-111 Aardvark, a supersonic tactical bomber, achieved speeds of Mach 2.5 (1,650 mph). It was used primarily for long-range strike missions.
Swing-Wing Design
The F-111's variable-sweep wing allowed it to excel at both high-speed dashes and low-speed maneuvers.
Service History
The Aardvark served with distinction in various conflicts, including Vietnam and the Gulf War, before being retired as one of the air force's notable combat aircraft.
Additional Information
The F-111's ability to carry a wide range of munitions, combined with its speed and range, made it a versatile and effective platform for both strategic bombing and tactical strikes. Its development also influenced the design of other variable-sweep wing aircraft, such as the F-14 Tomcat, which went on to become one of the air force's top interceptor aircraft.
Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker
By Dmitriy Pichugin - http://www.airliners.net/photo/Russia---Air/Sukhoi-Su-27SKM/1014282/L/, GFDL 1.2, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17361534
Soviet Air Superiority
The Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker, designed for air superiority missions, reaches speeds of Mach 2.35 (1,553 mph).
Design Features
The Su-27's aerodynamic design and powerful engines make it highly maneuverable, capable of executing advanced combat maneuvers.
Current Role
Still in service with several air forces, the Su-27 continues to be a formidable opponent in aerial combat.
Additional Information
The Su-27's design has spawned a family of aircraft, including the Su-30, Su-33, and Su-35, each building on the original Flanker's capabilities. Its advanced avionics and weapons systems have kept it competitive against newer fighters, ensuring its continued relevance in modern air combat.
Shenyang J-11
By Mil.ru, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=109882083
The Shenyang J-11, a Chinese air superiority fighter, is a derivative of the Soviet-designed Sukhoi Su-27. Developed by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, the J-11 is a vital component of the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), showcasing advancements in China's domestic aviation capabilities.
Design and Capabilities
The J-11 features a twin-engine configuration, providing it with the power necessary to reach speeds of Mach 2.35 (1,553 mph). Its design emphasizes maneuverability and combat effectiveness. Key design aspects include:
- Airframe: The J-11 retains the aerodynamic design of the Su-27, with modifications to reduce weight and improve performance.
- Engines: Initially equipped with Russian AL-31F engines, later models incorporate Chinese-built WS-10 engines, enhancing thrust and reliability.
- Avionics: The J-11 boasts modern avionics, including advanced radar and electronic warfare systems, improving situational awareness and target acquisition.
Variants and Upgrades
- J-11A: The original model based on the Su-27, incorporating Chinese avionics and systems.
- J-11B: A major upgrade featuring composite materials to reduce weight, improved radar, and the indigenous WS-10A engines.
- J-11D: The latest variant, equipped with advanced radar, enhanced avionics, and compatibility with modern Chinese missiles.
Operational Role
- Air Defense: Intercepting and engaging enemy aircraft to protect Chinese airspace.
- Offensive Operations: Conducting strike missions against enemy air defenses and infrastructure.
- Patrol and Reconnaissance: Maintaining air patrols and gathering intelligence.
Impact and Significance
The development of the J-11 marks a significant milestone in China's military aviation, reflecting its growing technological capabilities and strategic ambitions. The J-11's deployment enhances the PLAAF's operational flexibility and combat readiness, contributing to regional security and power projection.
Grumman F-14 Tomcat
Iconic Navy Fighter
The F-14 Tomcat, famous for its role in the movie "Top Gun," reaches speeds of Mach 2.34 (1,544 mph).
Advanced Technology
Equipped with a variable-sweep wing and advanced avionics, the F-14 was a versatile and powerful fighter aircraft, capable of achieving significant speeds.
Service Record
The F-14 served the US Navy for decades, excelling in both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions before being retired in 2006.
Additional Information
The F-14's advanced radar and missile systems, such as the AIM-54 Phoenix, gave it a significant edge in long-range engagements. Its ability to operate from aircraft carriers made it a crucial component of the US Navy's air superiority and strike capabilities.
Mikoyan MiG-29 Fulcrum
By Artem Katranzhi from Bakashikha, Russia - IMG_0691, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=125077556
Agile Air Combatant
The MiG-29 Fulcrum is known for its agility and speed, reaching Mach 2.25 (1,520 mph).
Design and Capabilities
Designed to counter Western fighters, the MiG-29 features advanced aerodynamics and powerful engines for exceptional performance in dogfights.
Operational Use
The MiG-29 remains in service with numerous air forces, demonstrating its lasting impact on modern aerial warfare.
Additional Information
The MiG-29's ability to perform short takeoffs and landings, combined with its powerful engines and agility, make it a versatile and effective fighter. Its design has been continuously updated, with the MiG-35 representing the latest iteration of this successful platform.
Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor
Stealth and Speed
The F-22 Raptor combines stealth technology with impressive speed, reaching Mach 2.25 (1,500 mph), making it one of the fastest jets in the world.
Advanced Features
The F-22's supercruise capability allows it to sustain supersonic speeds without afterburners, enhancing its range and combat effectiveness.
Current Role
As one of the most advanced fighters in the world, the F-22 plays a crucial role in maintaining air superiority for the US Air Force.
Additional Information
The F-22's combination of stealth, speed, and advanced avionics makes it a dominant force in air combat. Its ability to operate in highly contested environments and engage multiple targets simultaneously ensures its continued relevance in modern warfare.
McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II
Cold War Workhorse
The F-4 Phantom II, a versatile multirole fighter, achieved speeds of Mach 2.23 (1,470 mph).
Design and Performance
With its powerful engines and robust design, the F-4 excelled in both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions.
Service History
The Phantom served with distinction in multiple conflicts, including Vietnam, and remains in limited use with several air forces.
Additional Information
The F-4's adaptability and reliability made it a cornerstone of US and allied air forces during the Cold War. Its extensive combat history and numerous variants highlight its versatility and enduring legacy in military aviation.
Convair F-106 Delta Dart
Ultimate Interceptor
The Convair F-106 Delta Dart, designed as an interceptor, achieved speeds of Mach 2.31 (1,525 mph).
Technological Advancements
The F-106 featured advanced avionics and radar systems, making it one of the most capable interceptors of its time.
Service Record
Serving primarily with the US Air Force, the F-106 protected American airspace during the height of the Cold War.
Additional Information
The F-106's ability to intercept high-speed targets and its advanced radar system made it a key component of the US air force's defense strategy. Its development also contributed to advancements in missile technology and electronic warfare.
Sukhoi Su-57
By Anna Zvereva from Tallinn, Estonia - Sukhoi Design Bureau, 054, Sukhoi Su-57, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=87441875
Next-Generation Fighter
The Sukhoi Su-57, a modern Russian stealth fighter, reaches speeds of Mach 2+ (1,320+ mph).
Stealth and Performance
Combining stealth technology with high maneuverability and speed, the Su-57 represents the latest in Russian fighter design.
Operational Status
Currently entering service, the Su-57 is set to enhance Russia's air combat capabilities significantly.
Additional Information
The Su-57's advanced features, including its stealth capabilities and sophisticated avionics, make it a formidable opponent in air combat. Its development reflects Russia's commitment to maintaining a competitive edge in modern military aviation.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21
By Gojanovic123456789 - commons, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=85798765
Historic Speedster
The MiG-21, one of the most produced jet fighters in history, reaches speeds of Mach 2.05 (1,385 mph).
Design and Legacy
Known for its simplicity and effectiveness, the MiG-21 served in numerous conflicts and remains in limited use today.
Impact on Aviation
The MiG-21's design influenced generations of aircraft and cemented its place in aviation history.
Additional Information
The MiG-21's durability and ease of maintenance have contributed to its longevity in service. Its design has inspired numerous upgrades and variants, ensuring its continued relevance in various air forces around the world.
Chengdu J-20
By N509FZ - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=122396445
The Chengdu J-20, also known as the "Mighty Dragon," is China's premier fifth-generation stealth fighter jet. Developed by the Chengdu Aerospace Corporation for the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), the J-20 is designed to rival the most advanced fighters in the world, such as the F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II.
Design and Capabilities
- Stealth Features: The J-20 incorporates an angular fuselage, canted vertical stabilizers, and serrated edges on its weapons bay doors to reduce radar cross-section.
- Engines: Initially powered by Russian AL-31F engines, newer models are expected to use domestically-produced WS-15 engines, providing supercruise capability.
- Avionics and Sensors: The J-20 is equipped with advanced avionics, including a distributed aperture system (DAS), active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar, and infrared search and track (IRST) systems for enhanced situational awareness and targeting.
Variants and Upgrades
- J-20A: The initial production model, featuring a basic stealth design and Russian engines.
- J-20B: An upgraded variant with thrust vectoring nozzles for improved maneuverability and domestic engines.
- Future Variants: Expected enhancements include more advanced avionics, electronic warfare capabilities, and integration of new weaponry.
Operational Role
The J-20 serves as a multi-role fighter with a primary focus on air superiority, but it is also capable of conducting ground attack missions. Its roles include:
- Air Superiority: Engaging and defeating enemy aircraft to establish air dominance.
- Stealth Penetration: Infiltrating heavily defended airspace to strike high-value targets.
- Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR): Utilizing advanced sensors to gather and relay critical battlefield information.
Impact and Significance
The introduction of the J-20 marks a significant leap in China's military capabilities, positioning it as a leading player in the development of fifth-generation fighters. The J-20 enhances the PLAAF's ability to project power and maintain air superiority in the Asia-Pacific region.
Dassault Mirage 2000
French Multirole Fighter
The Dassault Mirage 2000, a versatile single-engine fighter, achieves speeds of Mach 2.2 (1,453 mph).
Design Features
With its delta wing and advanced avionics, the Mirage 2000 excels in both air-to-air and air-to-ground roles.
Operational Use
Serving with multiple air forces around the world, the Mirage 2000 continues to demonstrate its effectiveness in various combat scenarios.
Additional Information
The Mirage 2000's combination of speed, agility, and advanced technology has made it a successful platform for numerous air forces, often considered one of the fastest jets in its class. Its design has influenced the development of later aircraft, including the Dassault Rafale, ensuring the legacy of the Mirage series continues.
How Have Speed of Mach Ratios Evolved?
Historical Milestones in Reaching Speed of Mach
Reaching higher Mach numbers has been a significant milestone in aviation history. From breaking the sound barrier with the Bell X-1 to achieving hypersonic speeds with the X-15, these milestones mark significant technological achievements.
Technological Innovations in Jet Engine Design
Jet engine design has evolved to meet the demands of faster speeds. Innovations such as ramjets, scramjets, and turbojet engines have enabled aircraft to achieve and sustain high Mach numbers, contributing to their ranking among the world's fastest jets.
The Future of Superfast and Hypersonic Jets
The future of aviation is likely to see even faster jets, with hypersonic aircraft currently in development. These next-generation jets promise to revolutionize air travel and military capabilities.