Commercial jet airliners typically cruise at altitudes between 30,000 to 40,000 feet (9,000 to 12,000 meters). The maximum approved altitude for most commercial aircraft is 42,000 feet. The exact altitude can vary based on the type of aircraft, the weight of the aircraft on a particular flight, air traffic control requirements, and current weather conditions. Here's a general guide:
- Short-haul flights: Aircraft flying shorter routes might cruise at lower altitudes, often between 25,000 to 35,000 feet (7,600 to 10,700 meters).
- Long-haul flights: These aircraft, especially the larger ones like the Boeing 747 or Airbus A380, typically cruise between 35,000 to 40,000 feet (10,700 to 12,200 meters). In some cases, especially on long overnight flights, they might climb even higher as the aircraft burns off fuel and becomes lighter.
- Optimum altitude: Aircraft are designed to be most efficient at specific altitudes. This is where the air density and engine performance are balanced for optimal fuel efficiency. For many commercial jets, this is somewhere between 30,000 to 40,000 feet.
How high do airplanes fly (non commercial)?
There is a wide range when it comes to the altitudes at which non-commercial airplanes cruise. The flight pattern typically depends on the type of aircraft; jet-powered airplanes tend to fly at higher altitudes, while propeller-driven planes choose to fly much lower. The reason behind this distinction lies in the different types of engines employed. Moreover, certain operational factors like the ability to pressurize the cabin or the need for enough oxygen for combustion also influence the maximum altitude at which an airplane can fly.
Some aircrafts are able to fly at much higher altitudes. For example, supersonic jets like the Concorde could reach altitudes of up to 60,000 feet (18,290 meters). Military aircrafts can go even higher - upwards of 70,000 feet (21,300 meters).- Propeller-driven aircraft: These types of aircrafts typically fly at lower altitudes, often below 10,000 feet (3,048 meters), although some may fly up to 25,000 feet (7,620 meters) depending on their design and function. The maximum altitude a helicopter can fly is also largely dependent on its engine and the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) regulations governing its operation.
- Private jets: Small private jets tend to fly lower than commercial airliners, usually between 41,000 and 45,000 feet (12,500 to 13,700 meters), but can reach up to 51,000 feet (15,545 meters).
- Helicopters: Due to their design, helicopters usually operate at much lower altitudes. A typical operating altitude for a helicopter might be around 2,000 feet (610 meters), although they can fly higher if necessary.
Why do planes fly so high?
Flights at high altitude, often commonly referred to as 'cruising altitude', provides several advantages. For one, flying at a higher altitude uses less fuel, as the air is thinner, creating less drag on the aircraft. Therefore, it is advantageous for long-haul commercial aircraft to fly high. For instance, commercial airliners like the Boeing 747 can cruise at altitudes of over 35,000 feet. Additionally, flights that choose to ascend to these higher altitudes generally experience less turbulence, providing a smoother ride for passengers and less physical toll on the aircraft.