How can two pilots log time on the same flight?

According to the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) 61.51(f)(2), both the Pilot In Command (PIC) and Second In Command (SIC) are allowed to log flight hours during the same flight under specific conditions.

Two pilots can both log Pilot in Command (PIC) time on a flight if one pilot is operating under simulated instrument conditions using a view-limiting device such as foggles, while the other pilot acts as a safety pilot, ensuring that the aircraft is operated safely during the flight.

In this scenario, the pilot under simulated instrument conditions is logging PIC time because they are the sole manipulator of the controls and are practicing as if they are the only pilot flying the aircraft under instrument flight rules (IFR). On the other hand, the safety pilot, who is required for the flight to be conducted safely under visual flight rules (VFR), can also log PIC time as they are responsible for the safe operation of the aircraft during this time.

This arrangement allows both pilots to accrue valuable flight experience simultaneously. The pilot operating under simulated instrument conditions gains experience in handling the aircraft under IFR conditions, while the safety pilot gains experience in overseeing and ensuring the safe operation of the flight. This mutually beneficial arrangement is a legitimate way for both pilots to log PIC time on the same flight as outlined in the FAR.